What are Nitrides?

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The African Development Bank will finance $25 billion by 2025 to support Africa's fight against climate change, the bank's president said at the bank's annual meeting in Accra, Ghana.  

He noted that climate change has had many negative impacts on the continent, causing natural disasters such as droughts, cyclones, and floods. Climate change costs Africa between $7 billion and $15 billion a year. "Africa has no choice but to address climate change."  

To ensure Africa's food supply, the African Development Bank has delivered climate-friendly seeds to 12 million farmers in 27 countries in the past two years under the "Technology for Agricultural Change in Africa" program, he said.  

In the area of renewable energy, the African Development Bank is implementing a $20 billion "Desert Power" initiative in the Sahel that is expected to power 250 million people, he said.  

US President Joe Biden recently wrapped up his five-day trip to Asia with a summit of leaders of the "Quad" security Dialogue.  

Biden has promoted a number of economic and security cooperation initiatives during his visit aimed at deepening ties with Indo-Pacific Allies and partners in response to China's growing influence in the region. Some analysts in the United States believe the most significant announcement may be an initiative to share maritime information to combat illegal activities. But other experts say Biden's move sets a good framework for more security cooperation, though it remains to be seen whether concrete action will follow.

Affected by several factors, the supply of the nitride powder is erratic and thus its prices are expected to go higher in the future.

Nitrides are binary compounds of nitrogen with other elements, including metallic nitrides, nonmetallic nitrides, and ammonia (which is customarily excluded from nitrides as a special substance).
Metal nitrides are compounds of metal elements with nitrogen. Most of them are insoluble in water, high thermal stability, can be used as high temperature insulating materials, such as titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, vanadium nitride and so on. A few are hydrolyzed completely in water to form metal hydroxide and release ammonia, such as magnesium nitride, aluminum nitride and so on.
Many metal nitride and non-metal nitride have high hardness, high melting point, high chemical stability, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other characteristics. The hardness of some of these nitrides, such as cubic boron nitride and wurtzite boron nitride, has approached or even exceeded that of diamond. However, diamond cannot be widely used in many industrial fields because its carbon structure is unstable in high temperature environment, and it is easy to react with oxygen and combine with iron. Therefore, people focus on nitride.

Metallic Nitrides
Unlike oxides, most nitrides do not occur in nature but are synthetic products.
Aluminum nitride (AlN), for example, is a diamond-like nitride first synthesized in 1877. It can withstand 2200℃ high temperature, and the strength decreases slowly with the increase of temperature, has good thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient is small, so it is a good heat resistant impact material. Aluminum nitride is an ideal crucible material for casting pure iron, aluminum or aluminum alloys because of its strong resistance to molten metal erosion. Aluminum nitride is also an electrical insulator with good dielectric properties and can be used as electrical components. It has high heat transfer ability and is widely used in microelectronic components. In addition, aluminum nitride is also used in optoelectronic engineering, including as an inducible layer in optical storage interfaces and electronic substrates, as a wafer carrier with high thermal conductivity, and for military applications.
For example, manganese nitride, as an alloy additive of nitrogen and manganese, is mainly used in the production of special alloy steel, high strength steel, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel and other products, especially in the transportation of oil and gas large diameter steel pipe and shipbuilding and automobile high strength steel, showing a good market prospect. Nitrogen can improve the strength and plasticity of steel, expand the austenite zone (austenite is a structure that can exist stably at a high temperature of more than 727℃, with special physical properties), refine grain, and improve machining performance. Manganese nitride can replace part of nickel to reduce the cost. It is characterized by high content of main elements, low content of harmful impurities such as phosphorus, and high utilization rate of nitrogen after adding into the melt.
At present, many metal nitrides have formed a series of products, including manganese nitride, vanadium nitrogen alloy (vanadium nitride, V(cN)), titanium and chromium nitride (Ti(cN), Cr(cN)), titanium nitride, gallium nitride, indium nitride and so on. The nanostructure of indium nitride is the basic material for developing related quantum devices.

Nonmetallic Nitrides
There are also some important nonmetallic nitrides, such as boron nitride (BN), triphosphorus pentaitride (P3N5), trisilicon tetrachitride (Si3N4) and so on, their thermal stability is relatively high, each with its own characteristics.
Silicon nitride, especially hot-pressed silicon nitride, is one of the hardest substances in the world. It is very high-temperature resistant, and its strength can stay the same even under the high temperature of 1200℃. After heating it will not melt into a melt body, until 1900℃ it will decompose. It has amazing chemical-corrosion resistance properties, it is resistant to almost all inorganic acid and some caustic soda solution, also can withstand a lot of organic acid corrosion; It is also a kind of high performance electrical insulation material.
Cubic boron nitride is an excellent lubricant. Hexagonal boron nitride can be used to make turning tools and drills because of its high hardness. Silicon nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride can also be used to produce high-performance ceramics.
Although wurtzite boron nitride is difficult to make into large structures in experimental environments, the granular, high-temperature-resistant nitride superhard material can be coated on missiles, tanks, burrows, body armor and even kitchen knives.

Nitrides Supplier
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