Single layer of carbon atoms "torn" out with tape graphene to graphene oxide

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When speaking about graphene, we have to first mention the natural mineral graphite that is widely existing in our daily life.

As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a split material, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are prepared layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the very same layer "hold hands" and are carefully linked, however the mix of carbon atoms between different layers is loose, like a stack of playing cards. With a gentle push, the cards will slide apart.

From the viewpoint of chemical framework, graphite is a transitional crystal in between atomic crystals, steel crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the same layer type covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is linked to three various other carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms create a normal hexagonal ring on the same aircraft, extending to form a sheet framework.

If graphite is a pile of playing cards, after that graphene is among the cards in this stack of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional material made up of a single layer of carbon atoms. Piling graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite consists of concerning 3 million layers of graphene.

Although graphene exists in nature, it is hard to peel off a single layer structure.

More than twenty years ago, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, researchers at the University of Manchester in the UK, believed that there have to be a method to obtain a single layer of graphite.

How can a solitary layer of graphite be peeled? Scientists took a really "easy and crude" method - sticking it with tape.

"Just like when we write a typo theoretically, we will stick the typo with tape." Based upon this, scientists strongly connect that if tape can stay with the surface of paper, can it additionally stay with layers of graphite?

In the experiment, researchers stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to a special tape, and detached the tape, the graphite sheet was split into 2. Although the thickness of graphite at this time is still far from that of a solitary layer of graphite, researchers have validated the usefulness of this technique - each time the tape is utilized, the graphite becomes thinner. By insisting on using this "mechanical exfoliation method" to repeat the procedure, they finally acquired a thin sheet consisting of just one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.

Nonetheless, this method of consistently exfoliating graphite sheets with tape to obtain graphene has low manufacturing performance and can only be used to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.

Later, with the renovation of clinical and technological levels, the preparation approach of graphene has actually likewise made excellent progress. Currently, in addition to this standard physical and mechanical peeling approach, there are also numerous approaches for preparing graphene, such as redox approach, solvent peeling method, chemical vapor deposition, and so on

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